Hot water: centralized or decentralized?

By - Wael
28.11.20 01:06 AM

Compare, then decide!

Hot Water supply in an abuilding always be baffled between centralized and decentralized solution.

To decide which is better solution .. the following factors should kept in mind to make your decision:

  • Energy consumption
  • Pipe lengths
  • Hot water consumption
  • Investment cost
  • Installation effort
  • Comfort
     The system should also provide hot water for the individual applications in the right temperatures and in sufficient quantities, ideally even for an unlimited period of time and yet still be economical.
      The following comparison to be between instant electric water heater with electric central water heater

Energy Consumption

 Central hot water supply

long water lines

Decentralized hot water supply

short water lines



 40% Energy loss

60% Usable hot water energy

 3% Energy loss
97% Usable hot water energy

The energy lose in central system due to:

  1. Long water line
  2. Large water tank
  3. Excessively high water temperature 

The energy efficiency in decentral system due to:

  1. Short water line
  2. Correct water amount
  3. Correct water temperature 

Short water Line

Instantaneous water heater is installed directly at the point of use, while with the centralized water heater the pipe length to the point of use eg 15 meter which lead to waste around 5 liter of cold water in the pipe in addition time waste which may take 30 sec.




With short water line you:



Save water


Save time

Correct water tempreture

In the water storage tanks, the water heated to high temperature (above 65 C°) for two main reasons:

  1. Due to mixed cold water during consumption
  2. To avoid the growth of legionella bacteria in the water (legionella die above 66 C° in 2 minutes)






The required hot water for domestic use normally between 35 to 45 C° depend on the application

Correct water amount

In the central water heaters the storage tank capacity eg 200 liter or more. while your required amount of water for washing face in the morning eg less than 2 liter but you keep 200 liter of hot water in standby





Correct water amount supply save energy and environment

Accurate billing

With correct amount of water and correct water temperature, you pay for what you use

Equipment cost

Centralized equipmentDecentralized equipment
Cost of piping from storage tank to the POUEquipment closed to the POU
 cost of return line piping No return pipe line
 Big storage tank costNo storage tank
 Circulation pump costNo circulation pump
Cost of piping insulationNo piping insulation
 Gate valves and regulating valves costNo valves needed
consumable items (like magnesium anode in storage tank) and high cost maintenance requirements No consumable items and rarely maintenance needed

Easy to fit

With decent realized electric instant water heater you save installation time, no complicated design and space saving

Comfort and Luxury
​with

The Clage instantaneous electric water heater is the synonymous meaning of comfort and luxury

  • Temperature control within easy reach
  • Compact luxury design
  • Right amount of water in the right time
  • Low noise
  • Security and hygiene 
  • remote control for temperature control
  • Mobile application
  • Statistics for electricity and hot water consumption


Figures, drawings and charts content from: www.clage.com

Wael